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    <title>The Time Is Brain Review</title>
    <link>https://timeisbrain.org/</link>
    <description>Recent content on The Time Is Brain Review</description>
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    <item>
      <title>GOLDEN BRIDGE II — Clinical Decision Support for Acute Ischaemic Stroke</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1136-bmj-2025-085810/</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1136-bmj-2025-085810/</guid>
      <description>In a 77-hospital Chinese cluster-randomized trial, a multifaceted stroke decision-support system improved care-process measures and reduced 3-month vascular events, without a detected difference in disability or mortality.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Short-term Risk of Recurrent Stroke in Symptomatic Carotid Near-Occlusion</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1093-esj-aakag100/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1093-esj-aakag100/</guid>
      <description>In pooled prospective cohorts, symptomatic carotid near-occlusion with full distal ICA collapse was associated with substantially higher recurrent-stroke risk in the first 48 hours, but the observational study does not establish benefit from revascularisation.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Remote ischaemic conditioning in patients with supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage (RICH-2): a multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled phase 3 trial in China</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1016-j.eclinm.2026.103900/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1016-j.eclinm.2026.103900/</guid>
      <description>In RICH-2, remote ischaemic conditioning improved day-7 haematoma imaging measures but did not improve the prespecified 90-day functional outcome.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Post-transfer reassessment for endovascular treatment: factors associated with changes in EVT eligibility</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1186-s42466-026-00539-8/</link>
      <pubDate>Sat, 10 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1186-s42466-026-00539-8/</guid>
      <description>In a 200-patient retrospective transfer cohort, 9.5% had a repeat-imaging change affecting EVT eligibility, but the observed associations do not validate a triage rule.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Scalp acupuncture coupled with speech-language therapy modulates the ventral-dorsal structural brain network in patients with post-stroke anomia: a randomized clinical and DTI neuroimaging trial</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1186-s13020-026-01501-1/</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1186-s13020-026-01501-1/</guid>
      <description>A single-center randomized trial found greater immediate naming-score improvement when scalp acupuncture was added to speech-language therapy, but the small per-protocol analysis, lack of sham control and unblinded treatment limit causal interpretation.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Oedema reduction mediates thrombectomy benefit in large core stroke: secondary analysis of the TENSION trial</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1093-esj-aakag055/</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1093-esj-aakag055/</guid>
      <description>A selected CT-based secondary analysis of TENSION links EVT with less 24-hour net water uptake and estimates an oedema-mediated pathway to 90-day outcome, but the mediation is hypothesis-generating.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Anticoagulation Treatment Response Among Phenotypic ESUS Clusters: Evidence From CASPR</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1002-acn3.70542/</link>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1002-acn3.70542/</guid>
      <description>In a retrospective 27-center ESUS cohort, phenotypic clusters tracked prognosis but not differential anticoagulation response; LVEF and cancer history were exploratory effect-modifier signals.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Phenotypic determinants of atrial fibrillation in ischaemic stroke: a retrospective study</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1136-openhrt-2026-004393/</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 06 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1136-openhrt-2026-004393/</guid>
      <description>In a single-centre retrospective cohort, detected AF affected 30.5% of patients and clustered with stroke severity, prior stroke, cardiac disease and atrial-remodelling markers.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The impact of levodopa on post-stroke depression: the ESTREL-depression-study</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1093-esj-aakag001/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1093-esj-aakag001/</guid>
      <description>In a preplanned ESTREL analysis, early levodopa/carbidopa did not reduce screen-defined depression at three months; selection and imprecision limit the conclusion.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of intravenous urokinase vs best medicine treatment on functional outcome for patients with acute minor stroke (TRUST): a randomized controlled trial</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1186-s12916-024-03820-2/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 04 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1186-s12916-024-03820-2/</guid>
      <description>TRUST found no improvement in 90-day excellent functional outcome with one million units of intravenous urokinase versus guideline-based medical treatment for minor ischemic stroke within six hours; substantial crossover and sparse bleeding events limit stronger conclusions.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Influence of Support Surface Stability on Changes in Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Thickness During Progressive Squat Exercise in Patients with Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial — Thicker is not stronger</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.3390-medicina62091749/</link>
      <pubDate>Sat, 03 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.3390-medicina62091749/</guid>
      <description>In a small stroke rehabilitation trial, unstable-surface squats increased rectus femoris and vastus medialis thickness more than stable-surface squats, without establishing strength or functional benefit.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effects of blood flow restriction combined with visual feedback training on lower limb function and the serum levels of BDNF and VEGF in patients with stroke</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1371-journal.pone.0358740/</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 02 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1371-journal.pone.0358740/</guid>
      <description>A 40-patient trial found better four-week balance and lower-limb function when blood flow restriction was added to visual feedback training, but circulating biomarkers did not establish cerebral repair.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Neuronal autoantibodies associated with poorer neuropsychological and motor outcomes 6 months after stroke: results from the PHYS-STROKE trial</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.3389-fimmu.2025.1678840/</link>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.3389-fimmu.2025.1678840/</guid>
      <description>An exploratory PHYS-STROKE biomarker analysis links baseline neuronal autoantibodies to selected six-month outcomes, but only the NMDAR–subjective mobility association survives correction for multiple comparisons.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Edaravone dexborneol versus placebo on functional outcomes in patients with acute ischaemic stroke undergoing endovascular thrombectomy (TASTE-2): randomised controlled trial</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1136-bmj-2025-086850/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1136-bmj-2025-086850/</guid>
      <description>In selected Chinese patients with anterior-circulation large-vessel occlusion treated by thrombectomy, edaravone dexborneol produced a borderline increase in 90-day functional independence without a detected increase in serious adverse events.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Requiring Mechanical Thrombectomy: Sham-Controlled, Randomised Device Trial — a neutral primary endpoint</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1007-s12975-025-01404-7/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 27 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1007-s12975-025-01404-7/</guid>
      <description>In a 36-person sham-controlled thrombectomy pilot, auricular vagus stimulation was feasible and showed no serious device-related harm, but did not reduce 24-hour systolic blood-pressure variability.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Soft Robotic Glove Versus GRASP in Subacute Stroke: A Dose and Selection Question</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1186-s12984-026-02133-0/</link>
      <pubDate>Sat, 26 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1186-s12984-026-02133-0/</guid>
      <description>In an under-enrolled, assessor-blinded trial, a soft robotic glove was not superior to supervised GRASP for upper-limb recovery after subacute stroke; a post-hoc distal-hand signal needs confirmation.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Tenecteplase in Minor Stroke: Does Vessel Occlusion Change the Answer? — TEMPO-2 Secondary Analysis</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1093-esj-aakag111/</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 24 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1093-esj-aakag111/</guid>
      <description>Baseline occlusion status did not identify a minor-stroke subgroup with improved 90-day recovery after tenecteplase versus non-thrombolytic care in TEMPO-2.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Speech Therapy Combined With Cerebrolysin in Enhancing Nonfluent Aphasia Recovery After Acute Ischemic Stroke: ESCAS Randomized Pilot Study</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-strokeaha.124.049834/</link>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-strokeaha.124.049834/</guid>
      <description>In a two-center randomized pilot, adding Cerebrolysin to speech therapy improved 90-day aphasia scores versus placebo plus speech therapy, but larger, longer-term trials are needed before routine use.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DWI-Positive Lesions in Patients With Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage — Associations With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Clinical Outcome</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1212-wnl.0000000000218449/</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1212-wnl.0000000000218449/</guid>
      <description>Remote DWI-positive lesions occurred in 21.6% of patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage and independently marked greater small-vessel-disease burden and worse six-month functional outcome.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Action Observation Combined With Virtual Reality Promotes Motor Recovery After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-strokeaha.125.054101-v2/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-strokeaha.125.054101-v2/</guid>
      <description>In this 48-participant randomized trial, adding action observation to virtual-reality rehabilitation produced a larger paretic-hand dexterity gain than virtual reality alone, exceeding the study&amp;rsquo;s 7-block smallest-detectable-difference benchmark at treatment end and persisting at 6 months.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TREASURE — Allogeneic Stem Cell Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1001-jamaneurol.2023.5200/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 20 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1001-jamaneurol.2023.5200/</guid>
      <description>In 206 Japanese acute ischemic stroke patients, intravenous MultiStem given 18–36 hours after onset was safe but produced no overall benefit at 90 days; post-hoc signals hinted at efficacy in patients ≤64 years or with larger ischemic cores.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Defining the Therapeutic Ceiling of Endovascular Thrombectomy in Large-Core Stroke — Beyond the Limits of ASPECTS</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-strokeaha.126.055374/</link>
      <pubDate>Sat, 19 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-strokeaha.126.055374/</guid>
      <description>Quantitative infarct volumetry — not NCCT-ASPECTS — sets the true ceiling for endovascular thrombectomy in large-core stroke: benefit holds up to a DWI core of roughly 110 mL, then collapses.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Immediate- vs Delayed-Intensive Statin in Acute Cerebral Ischemia: INSPIRES</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1001-jamaneurol.2024.1433/</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1001-jamaneurol.2024.1433/</guid>
      <description>In 6100 Chinese patients with mild ischemic stroke or high-risk TIA from presumed atherosclerosis, immediate-intensive atorvastatin (within 72 hours) did not reduce 90-day stroke recurrence versus a 3-day delayed start (8.1% vs 8.4%; HR 0.95; 95% CI 0.80-1.13; P = .58), with no excess bleeding — leaving functional outcome (OR 0.83) as hypothesis-generating.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fibrinogenase for injection in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: a randomised clinical trial — the Chinese snake-venom fibrinolytic that beat placebo on mRS at 90 days</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1136-svn-2025-004547/</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1136-svn-2025-004547/</guid>
      <description>In a 235-patient Chinese RCT of fibrinogenase for injection within 72 hours of AIS onset, the ordinal mRS distribution at 90 days favoured fibrinogenase over placebo (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.49–3.85; p&amp;lt;0.001), with no excess bleeding or mortality.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Impact of Ultra-Early Perioperative Antihypertensive Therapy in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage — INTERACT3 Secondary Analysis</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-strokeaha.125.053989/</link>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-strokeaha.125.053989/</guid>
      <description>In INTERACT3 surgical-evacuation patients, achieving systolic BP &amp;lt;140 mm Hg within 2 hours was associated with lower death or disability, better mRS shift, fewer serious adverse events, and no increase in mortality.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Semaglutide Drops hsCRP 37.8% and Lowers MACE — A Prespecified SELECT Inflammation Analysis</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-circulationaha.125.074482/</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-circulationaha.125.074482/</guid>
      <description>In a prespecified substudy of the 17,604-patient SELECT trial, semaglutide reduced hsCRP by 37.8% at 104 weeks — an effect independent of weight loss — and a 25% lower baseline hsCRP tracked a 8% lower MACE risk; hsCRP lowering explains only a fraction of the 20% MACE reduction.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Tenecteplase in Large-Vessel Occlusion — Bridging, Extended-Window, and the 4.5-Hour Wall</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.3389-fneur.2025.1715049/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.3389-fneur.2025.1715049/</guid>
      <description>In this meta-analysis of 2,054 LVO patients across five RCTs, IV tenecteplase improved functional outcomes versus no thrombolysis, with a clear win for bridging within 4.5 hours before EVT and for extended-window use without EVT — but no benefit (and possible harm) for bridging between 4.5 and 24 hours.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Effect of Proximal Blood Flow Arrest During Endovascular Thrombectomy (ProFATE): A Multicenter, Blinded-End Point, Randomized Clinical Trial</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-strokeaha.124.049715/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 13 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-strokeaha.124.049715/</guid>
      <description>ProFATE: temporary proximal blood flow arrest via balloon guide catheter during anterior-circulation thrombectomy did not significantly improve eTICI 2c/3 (74.4% vs 70.8%; aOR 1.07, P=0.88) but reduced distal embolization (1.5% vs 12.3%) and tripled first-pass complete recanalization (33% vs 15.3%) in 131 patients across four UK centers.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Multicenter Translational Trial of Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Acute Ischemic Stroke (TRICS BASIC)</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-strokeaha.125.051532/</link>
      <pubDate>Sat, 12 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-strokeaha.125.051532/</guid>
      <description>In a multicenter preclinical RCT of remote ischemic conditioning in 164 rodents across 7 labs, RIC-treated animals were more likely to achieve a good functional outcome at 48 hours (55% vs 36%; OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.23–4.4, P=0.009).</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Restrictive Versus a Liberal Transfusion Strategy in Patients With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Secondary Analysis of TRAIN Randomized Clinical Trial</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-strokeaha.125.050729/</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 11 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-strokeaha.125.050729/</guid>
      <description>Liberal transfusion (Hb &amp;lt;9 g/dL) trended toward less unfavorable neurological outcome at 180 days than restrictive (Hb &amp;lt;7 g/dL) in anemic ICH patients, but the difference did not reach significance (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.71-1.01, P=0.06).</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Intra-Arterial Tenecteplase After Successful Reperfusion in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1001-jamaneurol.2025.2036/</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 10 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1001-jamaneurol.2025.2036/</guid>
      <description>DATE: adjunctive intra-arterial tenecteplase at 0.0313 or 0.0625 mg/kg after successful reperfusion is safe to advance to a phase 3 trial, with a numerically higher but non-significant 90-day no-disability rate (43.5% vs 33.8% control).</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Prior Dual Antiplatelet Therapy and Mortality After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-jaha.125.043268/</link>
      <pubDate>Wed, 09 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-jaha.125.043268/</guid>
      <description>In a Danish nationwide cohort of 5,800 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage receiving antiplatelet therapy, prior dual therapy was associated with higher early mortality than single therapy, with a weighted risk ratio of 1.43 by day 1.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Associations Between Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Cognitive Impairment, and Depressive Symptoms</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1212-wnl.0000000000218354/</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1212-wnl.0000000000218354/</guid>
      <description>In a cross-sectional cohort, probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy was associated with substantially more depressive symptoms and poorer cognition, but depression explained only a small fraction of the cognitive association.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bilateral Transcutaneous Auricular Nerve Stimulation Promotes Motor Function Recovery After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1177-17562864261476124/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 07 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1177-17562864261476124/</guid>
      <description>Clinical Question (PICO) In adults aged 18–65 years at least 2 weeks after ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, with stable vital signs and unilateral motor dysfunction affecting the upper and lower limbs (P), does bilateral transcutaneous auricular nerve stimulation (BtaNS) added to standardized rehabilitation (I), compared with left-sided stimulation (LtaNS) or sham stimulation (C), improve upper- and lower-limb motor function, balance, and activities of daily living through 8 weeks after treatment (O)?</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The RED 43 Catheter for Aspiration Thrombectomy of Distal Medium Vessel Occlusions (DMVOs): A Multicenter Experience</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1136-jnis-2025-023132/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 07 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1136-jnis-2025-023132/</guid>
      <description>In a retrospective four-center series of 102 distal medium vessel occlusions treated with the RED 43 catheter, final reperfusion was achieved in 83% of primary and 87% of secondary DMVOs, while 57% achieved functional independence at 3 months; the absence of a medical-therapy comparator prevents causal claims.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Personalized Blood Pressure Targeting After Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke — A Randomized Clinical Trial</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1001-jamaneurol.2026.1706/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 06 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1001-jamaneurol.2026.1706/</guid>
      <description>In the HOPE randomized trial, reperfusion-guided systolic blood-pressure targets after thrombectomy increased 90-day functional independence from 47.1% to 60.0% without increasing symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage or mortality.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Young-onset stroke in the UAE: A single-centre retrospective analysis of risk factors and outcomes</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1371-journal.pone.0355300/</link>
      <pubDate>Sat, 05 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1371-journal.pone.0355300/</guid>
      <description>In 419 patients younger than 50 years treated at one UAE hospital, hypertension and diabetes were common, nearly half of ischemic strokes remained of undetermined cause, and in-hospital mortality was 12.68%.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Dysphagia Care Processes on Acute Stroke Wards: Barriers and Facilitators Relevant to Stroke-Associated Pneumonia</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1111-1460-6984.70295/</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 04 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1111-1460-6984.70295/</guid>
      <description>An ethnographic study of 10 acute-stroke patients shows that dysphagia plans are often only partially enacted, making communication, mealtime preparation, oral care, and reliable resources central targets for preventing stroke-associated pneumonia.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Stroke and its consequences: protocol and pilot data of the observational Berlin Long-term Observation of Vascular Events (BeLOVE) stroke stratum</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1136-bmjno-2026-001727/</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 03 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1136-bmjno-2026-001727/</guid>
      <description>In the first 758 participants of the BeLOVE stroke cohort, 2-year cumulative incidence was 10.7% for major adverse cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events, with ischemic stroke the most common component.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Global Stroke Burden, 1990–2021 — GBD 2021: 84% of Stroke DALYs Trace to 23 Risk Factors, With Hypertension Still Dominant at 56.8%</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1016-s1474-44222400369-7/</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1016-s1474-44222400369-7/</guid>
      <description>GBD 2021 estimates 11.9 million incident strokes (95% UI 10.7-13.2), 7.3 million deaths, 93.8 million prevalent cases, and 160.5 million DALYs in 2021, with 84.1% of stroke DALYs (135.0 million) attributable to 23 risk factors — high systolic blood pressure (56.8% PAF) and ambient particulate matter (16.6%) leading.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cerebrovascular claudin-5 isoform expression correlates with worsened stroke outcomes following thromboembolic stroke</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1186-s12987-026-00798-2/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1186-s12987-026-00798-2/</guid>
      <description>In a thromboembolic rat stroke model, the 35 kDa claudin-5 isoform 1 transiently rises in ipsilateral cerebrovasculature at 6 h and correlates with 24-hour cerebral edema, neurological deficit, and hemorrhagic transformation but not with infarct volume.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Longitudinal Cognitive Trajectories After Stroke: What the Oxford Cognitive Screen Shows</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-strokeaha.125.054555/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 30 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-strokeaha.125.054555/</guid>
      <description>In a longitudinal Oxford cohort, most survivors showed cognitive recovery after stroke—mainly in the first 6 months—but acute cognitive burden strongly predicted persistent deficits, and a small subgroup declined over time.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Action Observation Combined With Virtual Reality Promotes Motor Recovery After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-strokeaha.125.054101/</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-strokeaha.125.054101/</guid>
      <description>Clinical Question (PICO) In adults with poststroke hemiplegia and residual unilateral upper-limb movement 3 to 18 months after the acute event (P), does 5 weeks of action observation immediately followed by imitation-based virtual-reality motor training (AO+VR) (I), compared with the same virtual-reality motor training preceded by neutral nature videos (control observation plus VR, CO+VR) (C), improve paretic-hand dexterity and broader motor and functional outcomes at treatment completion and 6 months (O)?</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Impact of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease on Functional Decline: Bleeding With Antithrombotic Therapy 2 Study</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-strokeaha.125.054738/</link>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1161-strokeaha.125.054738/</guid>
      <description>In 4,765 patients receiving oral antithrombotic therapy, severe MRI-defined cerebral small vessel disease was associated with functional decline over 24 months even after accounting for major bleeding and ischemic events.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Minimally Invasive Surgery vs Medical Management Alone for Intracerebral Hemorrhage — The MIND Randomized Clinical Trial</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1001-jamaneurol.2025.3151/</link>
      <pubDate>Sat, 22 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1001-jamaneurol.2025.3151/</guid>
      <description>In the MIND trial, minimally invasive surgery with the Artemis device within 72 hours did not significantly reduce 30-day mortality or improve 180-day disability in supratentorial ICH versus medical management alone.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>About and editorial notice</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/about/</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/about/</guid>
      <description>The Time Is Brain Review is an independent medical-education publication focused on stroke neurology literature. Each article summarizes a published study and places its findings in clinical and methodological context.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deep-Dive: Argatroban in Acute Ischemic Stroke With Early Neurological Deterioration — A 2023 RCT From China</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1001-jamaneurol.2023.5093/</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.1001-jamaneurol.2023.5093/</guid>
      <description>In 601 Chinese AIS patients with early neurological deterioration, 7-day argatroban + antiplatelet improved 90-d mRS 0–3 (80.5% vs 73.3%, aRR 1.10, P=0.03) without increased sICH (0.9% vs 0.7%).</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Thrombus Migration After Tenecteplase Versus Alteplase in Acute Large Vessel Occlusion</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/10.5853-jos.2025.05386/</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/10.5853-jos.2025.05386/</guid>
      <description>In a matched multicenter cohort of 746 large-vessel-occlusion patients undergoing bridging therapy, tenecteplase produced nearly twice the thrombus migration of alteplase (19.3% vs 11.3%), concentrated in the first 60 minutes after IVT, and migration independently predicted functional independence.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Welcome to the new Time Is Brain Review</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/welcome/</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 21 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/welcome/</guid>
      <description>Site move in progress.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deep-Dive: Predictors of Hematoma Expansion and Response to Andexanet — ANNEXA-I Secondary Analyses</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/deep-dive-andexanet-iche-annexa-i-secondary-analyses/</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 20 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/deep-dive-andexanet-iche-annexa-i-secondary-analyses/</guid>
      <description>Shorter onset-to-treatment time, larger baseline hematoma volume, higher diastolic BP, and higher prescan growth rate predict HE but not thrombotic events in FXa-inhibitor ICH; andexanet benefit is amplified in the highest-risk quartiles (NNT ~4).</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deep-Dive: Argatroban Plus DAPT in Branch Atherosclerosis Disease — Halves END</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/deep-dive-argatroban-dapt-branch-atherosclerosis-bad-rct/</link>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/deep-dive-argatroban-dapt-branch-atherosclerosis-bad-rct/</guid>
      <description>In 100 Chinese BAD patients with mild stroke, argatroban+DAPT cut early neurological deterioration from 47.1% to 20.4% (RR 2.31, P=0.006) and improved 90-day mRS 0–1 from 68.6% to 87.8% (P=0.025).</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deep-Dive: JX10 — A Late-Window Anti-Inflammatory Thrombolytic Hits Phase 2a Safety Mark</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/deep-dive-jx10-tms007-late-window-thrombolytic/</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 18 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/deep-dive-jx10-tms007-late-window-thrombolytic/</guid>
      <description>Phase 2a dose-escalation: JX10 (TMS-007) given 5–12 hours post-LKN had 0% symptomatic ICH vs 2.6% placebo, with a day-90 mRS 0–1 of 40.4% vs 18.4% (P=0.03).</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deep-Dive: ANNEXA-I Biomarker Substudy — Andexanet&#39;s Therapeutic Window Is 1 Hour, and It Cuts Both Ways</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/deep-dive-annexa-i-biomarker-substudy/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/deep-dive-annexa-i-biomarker-substudy/</guid>
      <description>Andexanet cuts anti-FXa activity and raises ETP at 1 hour; both biomarkers independently predict hematoma reduction but ETP rise also predicts more thrombotic events — the therapeutic window is 1 hour, and it cuts both ways.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deep-Dive: Perforator Territory Infarction Doubles 90-Day Disability Odds After LVO Thrombectomy</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/deep-dive-perforator-territory-infarction-functional-outcome-lvo-stroke-2025/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 16 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/deep-dive-perforator-territory-infarction-functional-outcome-lvo-stroke-2025/</guid>
      <description>In 397 LVO thrombectomy patients (CONTRAST cohort), perforator-territory infarction on post-treatment MRI roughly tripled the odds of worse 90-day mRS (common OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.73–4.98) without significantly worsening 24-h NIHSS.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deep-Dive: MR CLEAN M2 Registry — Bridging Therapy Edges Out Direct EVT for M2 Occlusions</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/deep-dive-mrclean-m2-bridging/</link>
      <pubDate>Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/deep-dive-mrclean-m2-bridging/</guid>
      <description>In 539 Dutch M2 occlusion patients (2014–2018), IVT+EVT vs direct EVT produced better 90-day ordinal mRS (adjusted cOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.04–2.21, P=0.03) without significantly different sICH or recanalization rates.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deep-Dive: ETLAS-2 — Tadalafil for CSVD Fails Feasibility, but the Imaging Signal Hints at a Better Trial</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/deep-dive-etlas2-tadalafil-csvd-2026-08/</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/deep-dive-etlas2-tadalafil-csvd-2026-08/</guid>
      <description>In 76 Danish CSVD patients, 3 months of tadalafil 20 mg/day did NOT meet the prespecified ≥90% compliance feasibility threshold (68% vs 94% placebo, OR 0.13, P=0.030), with markedly more AEs (76% vs 36%); a per-protocol WMH volume trend (P=0.054) hints at mechanistic activity.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>OPTIMAS — Early vs. Delayed DOAC After Ischemic Stroke, by AF Subtype and Time of Diagnosis</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/optimas-2026-early-vs-delayed-anticoagulation/</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/optimas-2026-early-vs-delayed-anticoagulation/</guid>
      <description>OPTIMAS subgroup analysis: in 3,619 stroke patients with AF, neither the time of AF diagnosis (before vs. after the index stroke) nor AF subtype (persistent vs. paroxysmal) modifies the effect of early DOAC initiation versus delayed initiation. Persistent AF is independently associated with roughly double the risk of recurrent ischemic stroke compared with paroxysmal AF.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deep-Dive: ZODIAC — Laying LVO Patients Flat Before Thrombectomy Cuts Pre-Procedure Deterioration 26-Fold</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/deep-dive-zodiac-head-of-bed-thrombectomy/</link>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/deep-dive-zodiac-head-of-bed-thrombectomy/</guid>
      <description>ZODIAC stopped at 92 patients (planned 182) after 0° head-of-bed positioning cut pre-thrombectomy END (≥2 NIHSS) from 55% to 2% (HR 34.40, P&amp;lt;0.001); exploratory mortality 4.4% vs 21.7% (P=0.03).</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deep-Dive: T-FLAVOR — Tenecteplase 0.25 mg/kg vs Low-Dose Alteplase in LVO Stroke</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/deep-dive-t-flavor-standard-dose-tenecteplase-vs-low-dose-alteplase/</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/deep-dive-t-flavor-standard-dose-tenecteplase-vs-low-dose-alteplase/</guid>
      <description>T-FLAVOR (n=218): tenecteplase 0.25 mg/kg doubled pre-thrombectomy substantial reperfusion vs alteplase 0.6 mg/kg (10.3% vs 3.6%; 90% CI 0.89–12.1), meeting phase-2 surrogate threshold despite the conventional 95% CI crossing zero.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deep-Dive: ACTISAVE — Glenzocimab Fails to Beat Placebo on Top of tPA ± EVT</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/actisave-glenzocimab-thrombolysis-thrombectomy/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/actisave-glenzocimab-thrombolysis-thrombectomy/</guid>
      <description>ACTISAVE failed to confirm a beneficial effect of glenzocimab on mRS in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated by thrombolysis</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deep-Dive: Home-Based HIIT for Poststroke Fatigue — First RCT, Small N, Real Signal</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/cr-interval-poststroke-fatigue-rehab/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/cr-interval-poststroke-fatigue-rehab/</guid>
      <description>In a 2-center PROBE RCT (n=43 completers), 8 weeks of home-based supervised HIIT cut poststroke fatigue by 5.35 S-FAS points (95% CI -9.03 to -3.67) and improved VO2peak by 4.48 mL/kg/min.</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Deep-Dive: LAMP Post-Hoc — Liraglutide Cuts Recurrent Stroke in Insulin-Resistant Patients</title>
      <link>https://timeisbrain.org/lamp-liraglutide-stroke-insulin-resistance/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://timeisbrain.org/lamp-liraglutide-stroke-insulin-resistance/</guid>
      <description>In LAMP post-hoc analysis, liraglutide reduced 90-day recurrent stroke from 18.1% to 5.8% (HR 0.30, NNT 8) in patients with HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5; no benefit in patients with preserved insulin sensitivity.</description>
    </item>
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